TUNING YOUR OWN LT1 PCM
Today, car modification has becomes more common and cheaper option. Many people are customizing their cars and giving it a desired look. For car, engine is the most important part which requires proper care and maintenance. Different car have different engines to run and LT1is one of them which is the popular and the most voted engine for the last century. Many types of LT1engines were there because general motors’ came out with specific versions for the specific cars. One can tune their own LT1 engine and gives a high performance to their car.
If anyone is planning to upgrade their car’s engine, there are some important aspects for them to consider. The first task is to find the best dealer, who can provide the best quality performance parts that suits the diesel engine. During upgrading the engine aspects, even a small mistake can hamper the complete performance and efficiency of the engine. Therefore, it is very important to select all the parts with proper care and install it with the help of an expert by the latest technologies. A proper tuning gives the proper performance of the car. When anyone tunes the vehicle in the right way, one will also see a great increase in torque and brake horse power. One of the common and best ways of improving the performance and efficiency of diesel engines is by using advanced electronics .with the help of these, one will be able to monitor the engine as well as fine tune the performance of their vehicle while balancing the power with fuel efficiency. When anyone is looking for these electronics, they will come across some options such as ECU or engine control unit, which is also called as PCM or power train control module.
F1 Cars
INTRODUCTION
Car racing is one of the most technologically advanced sports in the world today. Race Cars are the most sophisticated vehicles that we see in common use. It features exotic, high-speed, open-wheel cars racing all around the world. The racing teams have to create cars that are flexible enough to run under all conditions. This level of diversity makes a season of F1 car racing incredibly exciting. The teams have to completely revise the aerodynamic package, the suspension settings, and lots of other parameters on their cars for each race, and the drivers have to be extremely agile to handle all of the different conditions they face. Their carbon fiber bodies, incredible engines, advanced aerodynamics and intelligent electronics make each car a high-speed research lab. A F1 Car runs at speeds up to 240 mph, the driver experiences G-forces and copes with incoming data so quickly that it makes Car driving one of the most demanding professions in the sporting world. F1 car is an amazing machine that pushes the physical limitations of automotive engineering. On the track, the driver shows off his professional skills by directing around an oval track at speeds
GENERAL COCKPIT ENVIRONMENT
Every possible button and switch must be close at hand as the driver has limited movement due to tightness of the seat belts. The cockpit is also very cramped, and drivers often wear knee pads to prevent bruising. The car designers are forever trying to lower the centre of gravity of the car, and as each car has a mass of 600 Kg, with the driver’s being roughly 70 Kg, he is an important factor in weight distribution. This often means that the drivers are almost lying down in their driving position. The trend towards high noses led one driver to comment that his driving position felt like he was lying in the bath with his feet up on the taps!
As the driver sits so low, his forward visibility is often impaired. Some of the shorter drivers can only see the tops of the front tyres and so positioning his car on the grid accurately can be a problem. You may see a mechanic holding his hand where the top of the front tyre should stop during a pit-stop to help the driver stop on his correct mark. Rear view mirrors are angled to see through the rear wing and drivers often like to set them so that they can just see the rear wheel.
Around the drivers head there is a removable headrest / collar. This was introduced in an attempt to protect the driver’s neck in a sideways collision. Some driver’s also wear knee pads to prevent their knees banging together during hard cornering.
Aerodynamics
One of the most important features of a formula1 Car is its aerodynamics package. The most obvious manifestations of the package are the front and rear wings, but there are a number of other features that perform different functions. A formula 1 Car uses air in three different ways introduction of wings. Formula One team began to experiment with crude aerodynamic devices to help push the tires into the track.
WINGTHEORY
The wings on an F1 car use the same principle as those found on a common aircraft, although while the aircraft wings are designed to produce lift, wings on an F1 car are placed ‘upside down’, producing downforce, pushing the car onto the track. The basic way that an aircraft wing works is by having the upper surface a different shape to the lower. This difference causes the air to flow quicker over the top surface than the bottom, causing a difference in air pressure between the two surfaces. The air on the upper surface will be at a lower pressure than the air below the wing, resulting in a force pushing the wing upwards. This force is called lift. On a racing car, the wing is shaped so the low pressure area is under the wing, causing a force to push the wing downwards. This force is called downforce.
As air flows over the wing, it is disturbed by the shape, causing what is known as form or pressure drag. Although this force is usually less than the lift or downforce, it can seriously limit top speed and causes the engine to use more fuel to get the car through the air. Drag is a very important factor on an F1 car, with all parts exposed to the air flow being streamlined in some way. The suspension arms are a good example, as they are often made in a shape of a wing, although the upper surface is identical to the lower surface. This is done to reduce the drag on the suspension arms as the car travels through the air at high speed.
The reason that the lower suspension arm has much less drag is due to the aspect ratio. The circular arm will suffer from flow separation around the suspension arm, causing a higher pressure difference in front of and behind the arm, which increases the pressure drag. This occurs because the airflow has to turn sharply around the cylindrical arm, but it cannot maintain a path close to the arm due to the speed of the flow, causing a low pressure wake to form behind it. The lower suspension arm in the diagram will cause no flow separation as the aspect ration between the width and the height is much greater, and the flow can maintain the smooth path around the object, creating a smaller pressure difference between the air in front of the arm and the air behind. In the bottom case, the skin friction drag will increase, but this is a minor increase compared with the pressure drag.
REARWING
As more wing angle creates more downforce, more drag is produced, reducing the top speed of the car. The rear wing is made up of two sets of aerofoil connected to each other by the wing endplates. The top aerofoil top provides most of the downforce and is the one that is varied the most from track to track. It is now made up of a maximum of three elements due to the new regulations. The lower aerofoil is smaller and is made up of just one element. As well as creating downforce itself, the low pressure region immediately below the wing helps suck air through the diffuser, gaining more downforce under the car. The endplates connect the two wings and prevent air from spilling over the sides of the wings, maximizing the high pressure zone above the wing, creating maximum downforce.
FRONTWING
Wing flap on either side of the nose cone is asymmetrical. It reduces in height nearer to the nose cone as this allows air to flow into the radiators and to the under floor aerodynamic aids. If the wing flap maintained its height right to the nose cone, the radiators would receive less air flow and therefore the engine temperature would rise. The asymmetrical shape also allows a better airflow to the under floor and the diffuser, increasing downforce. The wing main plane is often raised slightly in the centre, this again allows a slightly better airflow to the under floor aerodynamics, but it also reduces the wing’s ride height sensitivity. A wing’s height off the ground is very critical, and this slight raise in the centre of the main plane makes react it more subtlety to changes in ride height. The new- regulations state that the outer thirds of the front wing must be raised by 50mm, reducing downforce. Some teams have lowered the central section to try to get some extra front downforce, at the compromise of reducing the quality of the airflow to the underbody aerodynamics.
As the wheels were closer to the chassis, the front wings overlapped the front wheels when viewed from the front. This provided unnecessary turbulence in front of the wheels, further reducing aerodynamic efficiency and thus contributing to unwanted drag. To overcome this problem, the top teams made the inside edges of the front wing endplates curved to direct the air towards the chassis and around the wheels. Later on and throughout the season, many teams introduced sculpted outside edges to the endplates to direct the air around the front wheels. This was often included in the design change some teams introduced to reduce the width of the front wing to give the wheels the same position relative to the wing in previous years.
The interaction between the front wheels and the front wing makes it very difficult to come up with the best solution, and consequently almost all of the different teams have come up with different designs! The horizontal lips in the middle of the endplate help force air around the tyres, whilst the lip at the bottom of the plate helps stop any high pressure air entering the low pressure zone beneath the wing, as it is the low pressure here which creates the downforce.
BARGEBOARDS
They are mounted between the front wheels and the side pods, but can be situated in the suspension, behind the front wheels. Their main purpose is to smooth the turbulent airflow coming from the front wheels, and direct some of this flow into the radiators, and the rest around the side of the side pods.
They have become much more three dimensional in their design, and feature contours to direct the airflow in different directions. Although the bargeboards help tidy the airflow around the side pods, they may also reduce the volume of air entering the radiators, so reaching a compromise between downforce and cooling is important.
DIFFUSER
Invisible to the spectator other than during some kind of major accident, the diffuser is the most important area of aerodynamic consideration. This is the underside of the car behind the rear axle line. Here, the floor sweeps up towards the rear of the car, creating a larger area of the air flowing under the car to fill. This creates a suction effect on the rear of the car and so pulls the car down onto the track.
The diffuser consists of many tunnels and splitters which carefully control the airflow to maximize this suction effect. As the exhaust gases from the engine and the rear suspension arms pass through this area, its design is critical. If the exhaust gases are wrongly placed, the car has changed its aerodynamic balance when the driver comes on and off the throttle. Some teams have moved the exhausts so that they exit from the engine cover instead to make the car more stable when the driver comes on and off the throttle. The picture aboveshows what the complex arrangement of tunnels look like at the back of the car:
Engine
With ten times the horse-power of a normal road car, a Formula On engine produces quite amazing performance. With around 900 moving parts, the engines are very complex and must operate at very high temperatures. Engines are currently limited to 3 litre, normally aspirated with 10 cylinders. These engines produce approximately 900 – 850 bhp and are made from forged aluminum alloy, and they must have no more than five valves per cylinder. In a quest to reduce the internal inertia of the moving parts, some components have been manufactured from ceramics. These materials are very strong in the direction they need to be, but have a very low density meaning that it takes less force to accelerate them, ideal for reducing the fuel consumption and efficiency of the engine. A similar material, beryllium alloy has been used, but the safety of it has been questioned.
WHAT MAKES THESE ENGINES DIFFERENT TO ROAD CAR ENGINES?
You can often see road cars with engines larger than three liters, but these don’t produce upwards of 750 bhp. So how do F1 engineers produce this amount of power from this size of engine? There are many differences between racing and road car engines that contribute to the large power difference.
F1 engines are designed to rev much higher than road units. Having double the revs should double the power output as there are twice as many engine cycles within a certain time. Unfortunately, as the revs increase, so doe’s friction within the engine, so eventually, a point is reached where maximum power will occur, regardless of the number of revs. Running engines at high revs also increases the probability of mechanical failure as the components within the engines are being more highly stressed.
Exotic materials such as ceramics as mentioned earlier are employed to reduce the weight and strength of the engine. A limit of what materials can be used has been introduced to keep costs down, so only metal based (ferrous) materials can be used for the crankshaft and cams. Exotic materials can reduce the weight, and are often less susceptible to expansion with heat, but there can be draw backs. Incorporating these materials next to ferrous materials can cause problems. An exotic material such as carbon fibre will not expand as much as steel for example, so having these together in an engine would ruin the engine, as they run to such small tolerances. Although only 5% of the engine is built of such materials (compared with roughly 1/3 rd Steel, 2/3 rds Aluminum) they still make a worthwhile addition to power output.
Transmissions
Just like in your family road car, F1 cars have a clutch, gearbox and differential to transfer the 800 bhp into the rear wheels. Although they provide the same function as on a road car, the transmission system in an f1 car is radically different.
CLUTCH
The engine is linked directly to the clutch, fixed between the engine and gearbox. Some manufacturers produce Carbon/Carbon F1 clutches which must be able to tolerate temperatures as high as 500 degrees. The clutch is electro-hydraulically operated and can weigh as little as 1.5 kg.
They are multi-plate designs that are designed to give enhanced engine pick-up and the lightweight deigns mean that they have low inertia, allowing faster gear changes. The drivers do not manually use the clutch apart from moving off from standstill, and when changing up the gears, they simply press a lever behind the wheel to move to the next ratio. The on-board computer automatically cuts the engine, depresses the clutch and switches ratios in the blink of an eye. In F1 cars, clutches are 100 mm in diameter.
GEAR BOX
F1 car gearboxes are different to road car gearboxes in that they are semi-automatic and have no synchromesh. They are sequential which means they operate much like a motorcycle gearbox, with the gears being changed by a
DIFFERENTIAL
To enable the rear wheels to rotate at different speeds around a corner, F1 cars use differentials much like any other forms of motorized vehicle. Formula One cars use limited-slip differentials to help maximize the traction out of corners, compared to open differentials used in most family cars. The open differential theoretically delivers equal torque to both drive wheels at all times, whereas a limited slip device uses friction to change the torque relationship between the drive wheels.
Electro-hydraulic devices are used in F1 to constantly change the torque acting on both of the drive wheels at different stages in a corner. This torque relationship can be varied to ‘steer’ the car through corners, or prevent the inside rear wheel from spinning under harsh acceleration out of a bend.
.
Tyres & Wheels
TYRES
F1 tyres must be able to withstand very high stresses and temperatures, the normal working temperature at the contact patch is around 125 degrees Celsius, and the tyre will rotate at about 3000 rpm at top speed. The tyres are filled with a special nitrogen rich, moisture free gas to make sure the pressure will not alter depending on where it was inflated. The tyres are made up of four essential ‘ingredients’: carbon blacks, polymers, oils and special curatives. During a race weekend, the teams can choose between two compounds of dry tyres to use during qualifying and the race. Normally, a hard and a softer compound tyre will be brought to the track, with the teams deciding before qualifying which compound to use for the rest of the weekend. The softer tyre will give a bit more grip, but will wear and blister more quickly than the hard tyre.
The picture below shows the three types of tyres that can be used.. The dry tyre has four circumferential grooves to reduce the ‘contact patch’ that decreases cornering speeds. The wet tyre can only be used when the track is declared officially ‘wet’ by the Stewards of the race. This tyre type must have a ‘land’ area of 75% (the area that touches the track) whilst the channels to remove the water must make up the remaining 25% of the tyre area. The intermediate tyre is used during changeable conditions when it is still slightly damp. If a wet tyre is used when the track is not actually very wet, the tread overheats, losing grip. An intermediate choice channels out water without overheating as much as a wet tyre.
Tyres are of paramount importance on a racing car as they are the sole suppliers of grip. Each tyre has about the area of an adults palm touching the ground, (this area is called the contact patch) and this area must be maximized by the suspension to create as much grip as possible. The set-up of the car’s suspension is designed to maximize the contact patch during cornering, acceleration and braking. Although there are some variables involved with the tyres, most of the factors that control the behavior of the contact patch are induced by the suspension set-up.
The pressure of the tyres is a critical factor in the car’s performance. As well as determining the amount of lateral movement of the tyre, the pressures are critical to the movement of the suspension. As the tyre walls are so large, about half of the vertical movement of the car comes from the squashing of the tyre walls, with the rest in the springs or torsion bars in the suspension.
Current F1 tyres must have four grooves around them to comply with the rules which were issued as a way on controlling the cornering speed of the cars. The picture above shows the dimensions of the grooves:
WHEELS
F1 wheels are usually made from forged magnesium alloy due its low density and high strength. They are machined in one piece to make them as strong as possible, and are secured onto the suspension uprights by a single central locking wheel nut. This ‘lock’ is quickly pushed in to release the wheel during a pit stop, and the tyre changer then pulls it again to lock the wheel once the tyres have been changed.
. Once at the track, teams deliver their bare wheel rims to the tyre manufacturers’ truck where the tyres are put onto the rims with special machines. The tyres are then inflated and delivered back to the teams.
WHEEL TETHERS
F1 cars have had to fit wheel tethers connecting the wheels to the chassis. This rule was introduced to try to stop wheels coming free and bouncing around dangerously during an accident. The tether must attach to the chassis at one end, with the other end connecting to the wheel hub.
The tethers used in F1 are a derivative of high performance marine ropes, made especially for each car. They are made from a special polymer called polybenzoaoxide (PBO) which is often called Zylon. This Zylon material has a very high strength and stiffness characteristic (around 280GPa) much like carbon, but the advantage of Zylon is that it can be used as a pure fibre unlike carbon which has to be in composite form to gain its strength. The drawback of Zylon is that is must be protected from light, so it is covered in a shrink wrapped protective cover. The tethers are designed to withstand about 5000 kg of load, but often they can break quite easily during an accident, especially if the cable gets twisted by the broken suspension members. The teams normally replace the tethers every two or three races to ensure that they can withstand the loads put on them during an accident.
The Suspensions
The setup of a cars suspension has a great influence on how it handles on the track, whether it produces under steer, over steer or the more useful neutral balance of a car. On an F1 car, the suspension must be soft enough to absorb the many undulations and bumps that a track may possess, including the riding of some vicious yet time-saving curbs. On the other hand, the suspension should be sufficiently hard so that the car does not bottom out when traveling at 200 mph with about 3 tons of downforce acting on it.
Most of the team’s suspension systems are similar, but they take two forms. The first is the traditional coil spring setup, common in most modern cars. The second is the torsion bar setup. A torsion bar does the same job as a spring but is more compact. Both forms of suspension are mounted on the chassis above the driver’s legs at the front of the car, and on top of the gearbox at the rear. The pictures below left show the typical suspension setup and the spring and a torsion bar:
A bump is absorbed by the spring compressing, and then contracting. A Torsion bar absorbs a bump by twisting one way, then twisting back.
SPRINGS & TORSION BARS
The springs or torsion bars are the parts of the suspension that actually absorb the bumps. In simple terms, the softer the suspension on the car, the quicker it will travel through a corner. This has the adverse effect of making the car less sensitive to the drivers input, causing sloppy handling. A harder sprung car will have less mechanical grip through the corner, but the handling will be more sensitive and more direct.
To gain more grip, the engineers cannot simply soften the springs all round. This may increase grip up to a point, but there are many adverse effects that will occur. Firstly, the car may bottom out when under the influence of aerodynamic load when traveling at high speed. Secondly, the car will suffer body-roll in the corners which will influence the angle of the tyres with the road, reducing overall grip. The final point is that the car will pitch forwards and backwards under the influence of hard acceleration or braking. This effect the cars aerodynamics, especially the grip obtained from the airflow under the car.
DAMPERS
Often called shocks absorbers, dampers provide a resistance for the spring to work against. The purpose of this is to prevent the spring from oscillating too much after hitting a bump. Ideally, the spring would contract over a bump, and then expand back to its usual length straight afterwards.
This requires a damper to be present as without one the spring would contracted expand continually after the bump, providing a rather horrible ride The way that dampers operate can be tuned to alter the handling. The ‘bump’ and ‘rebound’ characteristics can be altered to control how quickly they contract and expand again.
THE BRAKES
F1 cars use disc brakes like most road cars, but these brakes are designed to work at 750 degrees C and are discarded after each race. The driver needs the car to be stable under heavy braking, and is able to adjust the balance between front and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. The brakes are usually set-up with 60% of the braking force to the front, 40% to the rear. This is because as the driver hits the brakes, the whole weight of the car is shifted towards the front, and the rear seems to get lighter. If the braking force was kept at 50% front and rear, the rear brakes would lock up as there would be less force pushing the rear tyres onto the track under heavy braking.
For qualifying, when longevity of the brake discs is not important, teams often run thinner discs to reduce the weight of the car. Race discs are 28 mm thick (the maximum allowed) where the special qualifying discs are often as thin as 21 mm. Teams often run either very small or in some cases no front brake ducts during qualifying to gain an aerodynamic advantage
The rotating discs are gripped by a caliper which squeezes the disc when the brake pedal is pushed. Brake fluid is pushed into pistons within the caliper which push the brake pads towards the disc and pushes against it it slow the wheel. The discs are often drilled so that air will flow through and keep the temperature down.
These master cylinders contain the brake fluid for both the front and rear brakes. The front and rear systems are connected separately so if one circuit would fail, the driver would still have either the front or rear system with which to slow the car. Also visible is the steering rack and the plumbing for the power steering system.
Costs
HOW MUCH DOES AN F1 CAR COST TO MAKE?
This is one of the most commonly asked questions by spectators and this section will try to get an overall total to design and build one Formula 1 car. The table below outlines the main parts of the car and how much each part costs:
Each part costs:
PARTS AMOUNT SINGLE PRICE (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€)
Monocoque 112 360 1 112.360
Bodywork 8026 1 8.026
Rear Wing 12842 1 12.842
Front Wing 16051 1 16.051
Engine 240770 1 240.770
Gearbox 128411 1 128.411
Gear Ratios (set) 112360 1 112.360
Exhaust System 9631 1 9.631
Telemetry 128411 1 128.411
Fire Extinguisher 3210 2 6.420
Brake Discs 964 4 3.856
Brake Pads 642 8 5.136
Brake Callipers 16051 4 64.205
Wheels 1124 4 4.496
Tyres 642 4 2.568
Shock Absorber 2087 4 8.346
Pedals (set) 1605 1 1.605
Dashboard 3210 1 3.210
Steering System 4815 1 4.815
Steering Wheel 32103 1 32.103
Fuel Tank 9632 1 9.632
Suspension 3210 1 3.210
Wiring 8026 1 8.026
GRAND TOTAL € 926.490
In addition to the build costs, thousands of pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design costs include the making of models, using the wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc. The cost of producing the final product will be €7.700.000
RANDOM FACTS:
In an F1 engine revving at 18,000 rpm, the piston will travel up and down 300 times a second.
The piston only moves around 50 mm but will accelerate from 0 – 100 kmh and back to 0 again in around 0.0025 seconds.
If a connecting rod let go of its piston at maximum engine speed, the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 meters.
If a water hose were to blow off, the complete cooling system would empty in just over a second.
F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks that can jack the car up in less than a second during the pit stop.
An F1 car has as many as 8 radios in operation at a time.
Find More Car Detailing Articles
Santa Barbara Car Detailing Is Ideal – Study Now
Article by Fanny Roteff
There are plenty of people who find themselves interested inside cleaning their own cars. But they might possibly not have the time and they also should enjoy a pleasant Sunday at home rather in comparison with cleaning their particular cars. Thus, you can find that we now have some firms operating companies like Santa Barbara car detailing now. Usually, the firms like Santa Barbara car detailing would likely provide some services to help keep your vehicle clean. There are generally external and also internal car detailing available in the market indeed. External car or truck detailing usually refers to the clean-up and maintaining of the exterior body of the car. When necessary, often that this Santa Barbara auto detailing services might supply the maintenance associated with parts much like the engine of your car. As a result, you could find that it’s quite good if you want to keep the car running for quite a while.
Yes, you can make your automobile good throughout condition the use of Santa Barbara car detailing companies.
Secondly, you might like to have the interior detailing of your car. The internal part associated with Santa Barbara auto detailing would add the cleaning in the parts with your car. Put simply, there would be cleaning from the seat and the carpets into the car physique. This sort of cleaning could well be good particularly for parents. Of course, kids could always want to eat inside the car and it could be very excellent if there might be Santa Barbara auto detailing solutions provided such that the car can be kept clean up for parents they are driving. Some in the parents could need to utilize the car intended for both private and organization purposes and the Santa Barbara auto detailing services could well be very significant. They would be able to clean way up their cars promptly so that they can pick in place some essential guests of these companies and make a good image within the mind of the clients by putting them in a very clean automobile body.
If you do not want to encounter any fiscal losses, you are advised to look for a few of the detailing plans which will promise to pay for all this losses during the cleaning or the refined processes. Sometimes there might be damages or perhaps scratches on the body in the cars and it might be good if your terms that you just sign handle the safeguard regarding these matters. In conclusion, you may feel free to find the most ideal car describing services that you enjoy. But you would like to bear in mind that it truly is quite difficult that you enjoy the actual services without careful research with the reliable companies. There are usually many cost-effective plans for you to maintain the actual conditions of one’s car without adding massive financial burden on you. If you will find that a lot of the services within the particular plans will not be needed, you might try to ask if there will probably be a reduction from the service charges when you drop that particular service item. Therefore, you should try your better to compare and select the best option plan available for you.
Ever used 500 US wax? This guy has. This person details expensive cars. Worth checking out. Check out what items he uses.
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Car Detailing. How To Get The Right Tips
Article by Peter Karpouzas
When it comes to car detailing, there’s no doubt about it in Australia, the UK and the US, we have a serious love affair with keeping our cars looking great with a killer shine on the outside! Unfortunately our cars are exposed to environmental damage every single day. From road grime, to weather elements, salt, dirt, dust, water, sun, smog and the list goes on and on. How are our cars to survive these elements?
When you need to carry out car detailing on the outside of your car, you need to be very vigilant with your paintwork to prevent scratches and swirl marks. What detailing products you use and how you use them matters. Damage left behind is results of incorrect washing and treatments. If you can avoid scratches and swirl marks you can keep your car looking great!
Unknowingly, when you use a sponge, even an automotive one, you are actually compounding dirt into your paintwork, which is what you see as swirl marks, or what is otherwise known as webbing. Therefore you need to remember that anything that will come in contact with your car’s paint has to be ultra soft. Sponges, Brushes, or anything to do with coffee car washes, or even automated washes is strictly out. This is the most valuable car detailing tip I can give you. The only person that can look after your ride is you, or a detailer who loves what he does in car detailing and not how quickly he can do it.
How you protect your car from environmental elements is also important. The best tip I can give you in protecting your car is to park it in a garage or under a carport, but many people don’t often have this little luxury. It comes highly advised your car is sealed with a paint sealant or wax to block out any of the environmental fallout.
If you have carried out proper washing and polishing, then the next step is to start by applying a good paint sealant or car wax to your car. You need to apply wax on a regular basis, as a carnauba wax will only last an average of 3 months where a quality paint sealant generally lasts 8-12 months. This also comes down to preference.
Carnauba wax, although it doesn’t last long has a natural deep beautiful reflection. Waxing or sealing will accomplish a few things. It will make it easier for you to remove bird droppings and other debris with minimal effort, and it will stop the paint from oxidizing. Sealers tend to give more of a reflective look, while Carnauba wax tends to give more of a deep wet look.
If you have a look at some of the photos below, there is no reason why even black cars can not look this good when done properly. These images are from paint corrections. These are detailers or people that have a love of car detailing and what they do, and not how quickly they do it. To get glass finish results like this on black is mind boggling if you don’t know what your doing. Do it wrong on Black, and you are in serious trouble. Bad quality detailing products can have adverse effects on paint instead of giving you a beautiful shine.
When carrying out car detailing, you always need to park the car in a cool shady area. Applying car wax on a vehicle under sunlight just doesn’t work. Do not wax your car in extreme hot temperatures. Use an applicator pad to apply the wax and not rags, some waxes can be applied by hand, but my preference is using an orbital like these guys. Orbitals just spread wax or sealers really evenly and makes wipe off that little bit easier
If rubbing by hand, rub the wax onto the car in a straight forward and back motion. Do not use circular actions. This is what gives a webbing effect Keep your actions at about thirty centimeters per stroke and avoid getting the wax into the seams or molds because it can be difficult to remove with some waxes. Do your car in sections starting from the top working down the body. Once you have completed the vehicle, allow anything up to an hour for drying time. Apply thin films of car wax or sealers. The thicker it is, the harder it will be to remove.
What you will require for removal of any car wax or car polish is a microfiber cloth. Don’t use rags. Microfiber don’t scratch paint when removing polishing compound or detailing products. There are some excellent products available that will cover all aspects of your car.
Meguiars and Autoglym are the products used by the detailers from the two photos above.These guys use quality only products.
As the saying says ” you get what you pay for “
For your car to look good, it will require periodical car detailing. If you give up on the car care yourself, at least give it to someone who loves what they do, and don’t see it as a job.
People who enjoy what they do, not just in car detailing, but any industry, provide results. Find the right people, and you have those results
How to find buy a car when you have bad or no credit
Introduction
Step 1: Where to Find The Vehicle of Your Choice
Step 2: Making the Initial Contact (Common Questions and Answers)
Step 3: The Face to Face Presentation
Step 4: Closing the Deal
Step 5: Paperwork and Insurance
Definitions 17
Suggested “Assignment Agreement”
Telephone Information Sheet
Assignees Responsibilities
Power of Attorney
Uniform Commercial Code, Article 9, Section 311
INTRODUCTION
THE CONCEPT
PROBLEM: A person has a car he no longer can afford. It may be about to be repossessed.
PROBLEM: Another person has a “Bad Credit” history and cannot buy a car, but can well afford to make
the payment on a recent model vehicle.
SIMPLE SOLUTION: Put these two people together. One person will assume the other persons payments
and insurance.
NEW COMPANIES EMERGED
A few years ago an industry emerged that served the needs of individuals who have had past credit
problems, but can now afford monthly car payments. These companies helped people with past credit
problems such as:
Bankruptcy
Repossession
Judgments
Divorce
Medical Bills
No Past Credit History
Late Payments
Many Other Problems
These setbacks are held against these individuals by lending institutions for up to seven years.
WHAT THESE COMPANIES DO
These companies would find vehicle owners who can no longer afford their monthly payments. These
owners would gladly allow someone to take over payments on their vehicle in order to save their credit,
with no credit check.
SAVE ,500/,000
These companies charge the Buyer/Assignee between ,500.00 and ,000.00 for their services just to
put these two parties together, without doing a credit check.
This information package gives you all the simple secrets on how these companies perform their services.
You can save the ,500.00 to ,000.00 fee that they would typically charge.
PERSISTENCE
With your persistence and guidelines in this information package, you can get the recent model vehicle
that you want, without paying any fees or down payment.
(NOTE: This information will not assist you in going to a new or used car dealership to get a car. This
information is intended to target individuals wishing to sell their vehicles to an individual buyer, one on
one.)
THE SELLERS DIFFICULTIES
Ideally, these sellers would like to sell their vehicle for the bank payoff amount. Several factors may be
preventing them from doing this:
A. They have high mileage.
B. They are unable to show their vehicle to a prospective buyer (because of work, school or other
conflicting situations).
C. They are in an area experiencing a soft used car market.
D. They put very little money down when they bought the car and still owe more than the book value
amount indicated.
E. They financed their car for a long period of time (6072 months) and have not built enough equity in the
vehicle.
F. The biggest reason is they cannot sell their vehicle because they simply owe more on the vehicle than
the vehicle is worth.
THE OWNERS CHOICES
A. They can sell their car for market value, then pay the lien holder the difference of what they owe, (in
cash). This could cost the owner several thousands of dollars up front.
B. The second choice, which has recently gained in popularity, is letting the car go back to the lien holder.
(If the dreaded repossession choice is used, the owner will have a seriously damaged credit history for
seven years.)
YOU AND THE OWNER CAN HELP EACH OTHER
You help the owner by taking over his or her monthly obligations (car payments and insurance), and the
owner helps you by putting you into a recent model vehicle. You both help the lien holder because you
will be making the payments on time and the lien holder will not have to take a big loss on the vehicle by
repossessing it.
SUGGESTED ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT
The Suggested Assignment Agreement included in this information package is a suggested agreement
only. There may be provisions added to or deleted from the agreement between you and the assignor
(owner) to make the transaction acceptable to you both, but remember, it is intended for you to use as a
guideline only. The Assignment Agreement is between you and the owner of the vehicle. The vehicle
remains titled in the owners name until all payments are made and the original loan is paid off. At this
time, according to your Assignment Agreement with the owner, he/she has to sign the title over to you
within thirty (30) days after the car is paid off.
LIEN HOLDER PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This type of transaction is very common with Real Estate. Typically, the owner of a house will rent his
property and still be solely responsible for the monthly mortgage payments. The payments are being made
even though the owner is not living in the house. The renters have a contract between them and the owner,
not involving the mortgage company. Some purchase agreements from the lien holders may have
provisions against subleasing or assignments , claiming it would be a default of contract. Many disregard
this provision and do not contact the lien holder for their approval, claiming that as long as the payments,
insurance and vehicle maintenance were maintained, the assignment of the vehicle would fulfill the lien
holders requirements, and it would not be necessary to inform the lien holder of the transaction. We
recommend that you contact the lien holder in writing to inform him about your agreement.
YOUR SUCCESS IS GUARANTEED
Using this system, an individual can obtain a vehicle on merits such as character and ability to pay, rather
than credit history. There are no turn downs. Everyone qualifies because a credit check is never run. Your
success is guaranteed.
Remember, you must be persistent, make several calls, and always project a good image over the
telephone and in person. This information is not intended for purchasing a vehicle from a new or used
automobile dealership. It is not our intent to give legal advice. Each state has different laws. If you have
any questions pertaining to state or local requirements, contact your State Department of Motor Vehicles
or your attorney.
UPSIDE DOWN OR NEGATIVE EQUITY
Let us take this opportunity to explain what is meant by upside down or negative equity. Lets use the
following as an example: Say the owner of a car owes ,000 to the bank for the payoff of his car. The
average retail value of the car (what a car lot would sell the vehicle for) is only ,000. If the vehicle is
selling at a car lot for ,000 then few people would be willing to pay them the ,000 that they owe.
The loan value on this car (what the bank will loan someone with good credit) may be only ,000. This
means that if a person with good credit wanted to buy this car for ,000, they would have to borrow
,000 from the bank and would have to come up with another ,000 in cash to satisfy the lien holder.
EXAMPLE:
Payoff to Lien Holder ,000
Average Loan Value $ 8,000
Average Retail ,000
Difference or negative equity (in cash) ,000
The seller will have a difficult time finding someone who is willing and able to put ,000 in cash down
for a used car. A buyer with good credit can go to a dealership and get a new vehicle with only a few
hundred dollars down. So, the chances of the owner selling the car to a person with good credit are very
slim.
By explaining upside down or negative equity to the owner, you will let him know why he is having
problems selling the car and that he may only have three (3) options left at this point. The owners options
are:
Option #1: Sell the car for market value of ,000 and pay the bank ,000 out of his own pocket.
Option #2: Turn the car back to the lien holder for repossession and not pay the lien holder the difference
of ,000. This option will ruin the credit status of the owner for seven (7) years.
Option #3: He can let you assume his responsibilities of payments and insurance, save his credit status
and not have to pay the negative equity of ,000.
LISTED ARE THE “FIVE (5) STEPS” YOU WILL NEED TO FOLLOW
CLOSELY
STEP 1: WHERE TO FIND THE VEHICLE OF YOUR CHOICE
You can find the vehicle of your choice in the auto want ads of your local newspaper, auto trader
advertising magazines, or any other publications that list vehicles for sale.
(NOTE: Finding an individual who is upside down or in a negative equity situation on their vehicle loan is
easy. Most cars within the first three years of their finance contract are in this situation. You may even
have a friend of family member in this situation. It goes without saying that a friend or family member
would be ideal under these circumstances).
NADA BOOK (NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION)
Your local library will carry a NADA book. This book will give you the average retail price of any
particular car model. The NADA book is published monthly. It also gives you the amount that most banks
will finance on those models. If the payoff amount on a car is more than the NADA retail book value, then
you will know this seller is in an upside down position and will be very interested in talking to you.
THE EASIEST PEOPLE TO WORK WITH
The easiest owner to work with is one who is considering letting his car go back to the lien holder for
repossession. You can find these owners in your local newspaper or local car magazine. Best results are
obtained in aging these issues for two or three weeks before calling. The owners will always become more
flexible the longer they try to sell their vehicles if you focus on ads proclaiming “Take over payments” or
“Down and take over payments”. These are individuals who realize that they are in a negative equity
situation and cant sell their vehicle outright. Even though their ad requests a down payment, they will
almost always waive it.
Most lenders who recommend to the seller that he finds someone to take over his payments will still hold
this individual liable for the payments if there is a default. Many of these lenders will request an
application to be submitted from the assignee.
If the seller (assignor) has been making his payments on time, the lien holder may want to keep him in this
vehicle. They will want the assignee to have a stronger credit rating than the assignor, before they will
give their approval at all.
Traditionally, the companies mentioned earlier do not even contact or go through the lien holder. The
assignor still remains liable for the payments, whether or not an application is submitted.
This arrangement allows the owner to monitor his own payments so he is actually more secure, as is the
lien holder.
The companies contend that under the Uniform Commercial Code, Article 9. Section 311, the owner of
a vehicle has the right to assign his property regardless of provisions in the original purchase contract by
the lien holder (which might claim such a transaction to be in default). The lender will always hold the
original owner primarily liable for payments. Even though the payments are submitted by the assignee, the
lender will still acknowledge the assignor/owner as the driver and owner of the vehicle. This because, the
assignment agreement is between the assignee/buyer and assignor/owner, and not between the
assignee/buyer and the lender.
STEP 2: MAKING THE INITIAL CONTACT
When you have identified several cars that you have an interest in, you are ready to make the initial
contact with the owner. Throughout this conversation your goal will be to find out if the owner is in a
negative equity position (or upside down) on their vehicle. Best results are obtained if the owner is just
asking for what he owes on the car.
A TYPICAL PHONE CONVERSATION MAY GO AS FOLLOWS
Caller: Hello, I m calling about the car you have advertised in the paper. Is it still for sale?
Owner: Yes, its still for sale.
Caller: Can you tell me about it, what color, mileage, options, etc. , (refer to your telephone information
sheet). Are there any nicks or scratches?
Owner: (The owner will normally give you all the information, except for the price of the vehicle.)
Caller: How much are you asking for the car?
Owner: ,188.00
Caller: Is that what you owe on it?
Owner: (Answer) Yes or No
Caller: (If the answer is Yes, ask how long he has been trying to sell the car). The reason Im asking these
questions is because I would like to take over the payments on this type of car. How much are your
monthly payments? (Try to get a feel for how badly he wants to get out of the car. If this vehicle sounds
appealing to you, and you sense the owner is flexible, set up an appointment to look at the car).
(If the answer is No, the owner may have put a large down payment on the car, and it may not be in a
negative equity situation, or he may not owe anything on the vehicle at all.)
BE PERSISTENT
You will typically have to make twenty or more phone calls to find a vehicle owner willing to assign his
vehicle. One very important thing to remember, be persistent keep calling. There are thousands of
desperate people needing to get out of their vehicles in every area of the country. Its also a good idea to
call the owner back a week or so after your first contact. The longer he sees that he cant sell his vehicle,
the more eager he will be to work with you.
STEP 3: THE FACE TO FACE PRESENTATION
The owner will normally want the car out of his name. His credit is riding on your making the payments.
You will need to show him that he is secure and protected in dealing with you. When meeting face to face,
it is extremely important that you present yourself in a professional manner. Treat this meeting as you
would a job interview. This person is essentially giving his approval of you to assume his ,000.00 to
,000.00 investment. Look Sharp.
Once you have seen the car and feel that it is what you want, you are ready to make a proposal. Explain to
the owner that you earn more than enough income to afford this car payment, but you cannot get financing
from a bank because of some credit problems that you had in the past. Tell the owner strengths about
yourself that show your stability and credibility, such as:
Length of residence in your house or area
Length of current employment
Job description or job title
Home ownership if applicable
The reason for your credit problem
If you paid back past creditors
What your income level is with bonuses, future pay raises or possibly a job promotion
Describe what makes you a good risk. Let the owner know that you are building his equity in this vehicle,
until you pay it off. The more payments you make, the less will be owed on it. Give him a copy of the
enclosed credit report, personal references and a copy of your drivers license. Allow him to verify your
employment and that you make your rent or mortgage payments on time. Show them a copy of the
suggested Assignment Agreement.
COMMON QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE OWNER OR ASSIGNOR AND ANSWERS TO
THOSE QUESTIONS
Question: What if you wreck the car?
Answer: The insurance company will issue a check with both your name and the lien holders name on it.
This check will be applied towards repairing the vehicle.
Question: What if you get a ticket while driving this car?
Answer: Any points are charged to my individual drivers license, not to the car.
Question: What if you hit someone?
Answer: The Suggested Assignment Contract states that I am driving the vehicle, and am responsible for
all liabilities. Your liability is limited because I will carry 100/300/50 liability coverage or whatever your
Purchase Agreement with the lien holder requires, which will protect you. As the owner of this car, you
are put in the same position as an independent leasing company or car rental agency. You own the car, but
you are not driving it.
Question: How do I know that youll make these payments?
Answer: Youll receive a cashiers check or money order made out to the lien holder at least ten days before
your payment due date. If Im late, you have the legal right to take the vehicle back. Believe me, I dont
want to lose it. The agreement basically states that I will make the remaining payments or pay it off early.
As long as I do this, you are under contract to sign over the title to me. Nothing hidden, no surprises, its
fair and legally binding.
Question: Why do my tags stay on?
Answer: You are still the legal owner, just as leasing companies and rental agencies are. I am the one who
is primarily liable for what happens while its in my possession.
Question: What if you move and cannot be located?
Answer: You have a list of personal references, my drivers license number and my social security number.
Any repossession firm could track the car in a matter of hours. I can understand your concern, but let me
assure you that I have no intention of going to jail for car theft.
STEP 4: CLOSING THE DEAL
Once you have satisfied all the owners questions, and have subdued all fears, you need to get a
commitment. If the owner will not commit and wants to think about it, find out when the due date is for
the next payment. The closer he gets to the next payment, the more flexible he will become. If the owner
remains undecided, you may try offering him concessions. You could offer to make a whole payment or
two payments in advance. He may request some kind of security deposit, which would be held for
damages. At this point, be creative and willing to empathize with the owners concerns.
STEP 5: PAPERWORK & INSURANCE
LIMITED POWER OF ATTORNEY This form needs to be signed by Assignor and notarized by a
Notary Public. It gives the Assignee the authorization to sign on behalf of Assignor in matters concerning
the vehicle. (To be attached to registration)
SUGGESTED ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT The provisions recommended in this agreement are
meant to protect both parties. If individual concerns are not covered, they can be added while others can
be deleted. This agreement is only meant to be a guideline for constructing your own finalized contract.
CREDIT INFORMATION SHEET The Assignor will need some information on the Assignee just for
his protection. If the Assignee does not make payments, the Assignor will be able to give this information
over to a repossession firm on the Assignee just for his protection.
INSURANCE Insurance regulations differ widely from state to state. The simplest and most widely
accepted structure for this arrangement is as follows:
List the owner as primary insured and assignee as additional insured. The loss payee will always be the
lien holder. The policy address can be that of the assignor or assignee.
Insurance can remain on the existing owners policy by just adding the assignee as an additional insured.
The owner may prefer to set up a new policy so that the assignees driving record will not affect the rates
that he pays for his other vehicles.
Recommended liability limits of 100,000/300,000/50,000: 100,00 maximum limit of liability per person,
per accident; 300,000 maximum limit of liability for all persons per accident; 50,000 maximum liability
limit for property damage, per accident. These higher liability limits normally will account for a minor
increase in rates.
If the assignor has a poor driving record, that would make your insurance premiums prohibitive; however,
you do have some options. Some insurance companies will allow you to list the Assignee as Primary
Insured and the Assignor as NonDriving additional insured. They will treat the policy just like a normal
lease. In the place of the leasing company, they will insert the name of the Assignor. The Loss Payee
remains the bank or lien holder. Let the insurance company know that you have the Power of Attorney for
this vehicle.
If this is the direction that is most economical for you, then you may want to find a creative,
knowledgeable agent (this is not always easy). Many agents may reject your policy without fully
understanding the relationship or legality of it. We recommend talking directly to the underwriters if the
agent does not seem knowledgeable. If you do set up your policy in this manner, then you may want to
contact the Department of Motor Vehicles in order to see if a lease tag can be issued in your name without
changing the title.
REGISTRATION PROCESS
Each state has different systems. We have found that the following is the most common.
Register Vehicle in Assignors name in care of Assignees name and address. Keep Limited Power of
Attorney with registration. In most states, limited power of attorney along with the assignment contract, is
sufficient to register a vehicle. Registration and license plates are to remain in Assignors name, (normally
leave the same license plate on the vehicle).
TAXES
Assignor will receive all property taxes on vehicle and then forward to the assignee.
DEFINITIONS
ASSIGNOR Person who has vehicle for sale or who wants to be relieved of monthly payments and
insurance.
ASSIGNEE Person who wishes to assume assignors responsibilities of payments and insurance.
ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT Agreement between assignor and assignee.
UPSIDE DOWN VEHICLE A vehicle in which the payoff is greater than the book or loan value of the
vehicle. (Also referred to as negative equity.)
LIEN HOLDER The lending institution that financed the vehicle for the assignor.
PURCHASE AGREEMENT Purchase contract between lien holder and assignor signed at the time the
vehicle is purchased.
LESSOR A person leasing an item to another person.
LESSEE A person leasing an item from another person.
ODOMETER Mileage indicator stating exact mileage on a vehicle.
ODOMETER DISCLOSURE STATEMENT A form required by Federal and State law indicating the
actual mileage of a vehicle upon transfer of ownership.
NEW COMPANIES A company that finds a vehicle owner, who must relinquish his vehicle because it is
close to repossession, and then finds a third party to assume the vehicle owners responsibilities of
payments, insurance and maintenance.
NADA BOOK (National Automobile Dealers Association) A monthly publication found in most libraries
that lists average retail selling prices and bank loan values of late model vehicles.
SUGGESTED “ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT”
This agreement is made and entered into the date indicated below by and between (assignee) and
(assignor). Whereas the assignor holds legal title or interest to the vehicle described below and has same
financed with (lender) having agreed to pay lender (monthly) for another months (note payments) with a
residual amount of (if a lease). Whereas, the assignor is desirous of assigning or selling the vehicle and
assignee is desirous of accepting assignment and/or buying the vehicle.
In consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter made and for other good and valuable consideration
the sufficiency and receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1. Assignor agrees to assign the vehicle to assignee/buyer for the term of the assignors note payments due
his lender, and hereby authorizes assignee/buyer to drive same, but only for so long as assignee/buyer is
current in the assignment payments set out below in paragraph two (2). The vehicle cannot be taken out of
the state without written approval from the assignor.
2. Assignee/buyer agrees to pay as assignment payments for such vehicle, the monthly amount of
assignors note payments to Lender, and to pay same by cashiers check or money order made payable to
lender and to mail such payment to assignor at least ten (10) days before the day of each month beginning
on the 199 . Any late payments shall be in default of the agreement.
3. Assignee/buyer agrees to take out and maintain insurance on the vehicle satisfactory to assignors lender
and to name assignor as primary insured, assignee as additional insured and lender as loss payee.
Assignee/buyer further agrees and does hereby indemnify and hold assignor harmless from any damage or
liability arising out of assignee/buyers use of assigned vehicle.
4. Assignee/buyer understands and agrees that should he/she fail to timely pay any of the assignment
payments called for above, or allow the aforesaid insurance to lapse, or should assignors lender declare a
default under its note or loan agreement, or deem such loan repayment or the collateral to be insecure, this
Assignment/Purchase agreement shall terminate at once. Assignee/buyer shall no longer be deemed to be
an authorized driver of the vehicle, and assignee/ buyer agrees to return the vehicle to the assignor or his
agent immediately. Failure to do so shall result in the immediate repossession of the vehicle by assignor,
its agent or the lender or its agent.
5. Assignee/buyer shall have the option to purchase the vehicle upon (a) its full and timely compliance
with this agreement and (b) the payment of all note payments to lender. Thereupon, assignor will deliver
to assignee/buyer the vehicles certificate of title. Default under this assignment by assignee/buyer, or other
authorized termination of this agreement, shall forfeit any option to purchase the vehicle that
assignee/buyer may otherwise have had. Upon full compliance and satisfaction of the lien, assignor will
have 30 days to deliver title to assignee.
6. Normally, legal title to the vehicle shall at all times prior to assignee/buyers proper exercise of his/her
purchase option described above, remain in assignors name and possession if applicable.
7. During the term of this agreement, assignee/buyer agrees to maintain the vehicle in good repair and full
operation condition. Any failure to do so shall be grounds for termination of this assignment/purchase
agreement and assignee/buyer shall be personally liable to owner for the cost and expense of any repair
deferred maintenance, other than for normal use and wear and tear.
8. Upon a 48 hour notice to the assignee/buyer, assignor has the right to inspect the vehicle at a location of
his choice, no more than once a month.
9. Any additional or special provisions applying only to this agreement are written as follows:
10. This constitutes entire contract. This assignment agreement including any addendums or exhibits
hereto which are by this reference made a part hereof, contains the entire agreement relating to the
assignment of the vehicle and shall bind and insure to the benefit of all respective heirs, personal
representative, successors and assigns of the parties hereto except as herein above expressly limited. Any
oral representation or modifications of this assignment agreement shall be of no force and effect,
excepting modification in signed by the party to be charged. No delay or forbearance of assignor in the
exercise of any remedy or right will constitute a waiver thereof and the failure to exercise or a partial
exercise of a remedy or right shall not preclude a subsequent or the further exercise of the same or any
other right or remedy by assignor. Assignor shall have no liability for any delay in delivery of the vehicle
for any reason beyond the control of assignor.
In witness whereof, the parties have executed this agreement as of the ________________________ day
of __________________ 199_____, at
____________________________________________________________________ .
__________________________ __________________________
Assignee/Buyer Signature Assignor/Seller Signature
___________________________ __________________________
Print Name and Address Print Name and Address
TELEPHONE INFORMATION SHEET (QUESTIONS YOU
SHOULD ASK WHEN CALLING ABOUT A VEHICLE.)
Date:
Owner s Name:
Make of Car:
Year:
Color:
Mileage:
Condition:
5 Speed Transmission
Automatic Transmission:
Monthly Payments:
Number of Payments Remaining:
Full Pay Off Amount:
Are Payments Current:
Address Where Car Is Located:
Owners Phone Number:
Comments:
SUGGESTION: Make photocopies of the above questions. Then when you call and ask these questions
you will have an easy method of documenting their answers, as well as a convenient record for followup.
ASSIGNEES RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Make payments to assignor, by money order, cash or bank draft made out to lien holder/lender and
forward to assignor 10 days before due date. (NOTE: Put account number on money order or bank draft.
Assignor will promptly forward this to lien holder in order to maintain his credit status.)
2. Provide copy of insurance, naming assignor as primary insured, assignee as additional insured and lien
holder as loss payee.
3. Notify assignor of any change of address.
4. Provide assignor with credit application (included in this information package) and at least eight (8)
personal references.
5. Provide assignor with original assignment agreement.
6. Receive all manuals, warranties and other information pertaining to the vehicle. Keep warranty in the
name of assignor.
7. It will be the assignees responsibility to pay for and keep current the collision and liability insurance,
property tax, inspections, permits, and other taxes or fees pertaining to the vehicle.
8. Maintain the vehicle in excellent working condition as described in the owners manual.
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SONY NP-FS22, Camera Battery 6,999
Nikon EN-EL4a Battery , Camera Battery 6,895
SONY NP-F770, Camera Battery 6,750
Nikon GP 1 GPS, Camera Charger 13,445
NOKIA Advanced Car Kit – CK-10, Car Charger 12,999
Solar Laptop Charger. Charges Laptop battery of 14.8 V, Computer Component 12,750
Nikon MH-22 Quick Charger , Camera Charger 12,045
FuelPad Multiple Battery Rapid Rate Charger, Mobile Charger 10,400
Plug In Car 2000 Watt Power Inverter DC/AC , Car Charger 9,603
60 Amp Rack Mount Linear Power Supply AC/DC With Rolling Casters, Car Charger 27,612
35 Amp Linear Power Supply AC/DC With Fan Control, Car Charger 14,373
Plug In Car 3000 Watts 12v DC to 115V AC power inverter with modified sine wave , Car Charger 13,477
Battery Charger prices in India from ebay.in (eBay India) (used or new):
BatteryCharger Price (in Indian Rupees)
CallMate Compact Battery Charger~1000 Charge~2batteries, Go Green~Use Rechargeable Battery~Save Earth~MRP-450 349
Sony 2500 mAH Ni-MH Battery & Charger BCG-34HLD4E 1,150
Dd shager battery charger aa / aaa / 9v 475
1st Time in India The ALKALINE AA/AAA Battery Charger 695
Dd shager battery charger aa/aaa/9v with 4 aaa battery 725
Camelion AA / AAA BC-0528 battery Charger 100% Money 487
Uniross 800Mah Charger + Ni-Cd AA X 4 Batteries 330
Strength mini battery charger with 2 aaa rech battery 399
Cordless drill 12V with 1 battery and 1 charger 3,699
Camelion AA / AAA BC-0528 battery Charger Powerful 248
Uniross mini charger 2 xaa ni-cd 800mah battery aa32 399
Uniross mini charger + 2100mah aa / aaa x 2 batteries 599
Uniross mini charger 2 xaa ni-cd 800mah battery aa32 399
Nikon MH-61 Battery Charger for Coolpix 3700 4200 5200 599
Battery charger hp 65w 18.5v 3.5a nx6325 nx6115 nx6320 1,699
MOBITEK universal charger for all batteries 100
Powerful CREE LED Flashlight with Battery & Car Charger 2,499
Maxcell Mobile Battery Charger With 4 Months Warranty 70
Brand New OLYMPUS Lithium Ion Battery Charger LI-10C, Brand new with one year olympus replacement warranty 1,495
NEW Olympus LI-40C Battery Charger for LI-40B & LI-42B, Brand new genuine olympus charger one year warranty 1,450
Salora Battery Charger SC-420 293
Sony Genuine Bccs-3 external battery charger with power, cable operates world wide 100-240 volts brand new 1,950
Battery Quick Charger with 2 aa / 2 aaa rechargable battery 850
Nikon genuine battery charger for enel-3e batteries d90, brand new 1 year replacement warranty with power cable 2,950
Battery charger for samsung q300 r208 r220 r225m s300m 125
Not get easily this charger with 2 aa 2100mah batteries 799
Uniross 350mah Fast Charger + 2700mah AA X 2 Batteries 919
Sony genuine bccs-3 external battery charger with power, brand new for digital cameras with sony np bg-1 battery 1,990
SONY Video Camera Battery External Charger-NP-FP Series, 100% Imported + 3 mth Warr + Bill + Free Shipping 749
Uniross Compact Fast Charger + 2700mah AA X 2 Batteries 995
Camelion BC 1002B Fast Charger + 2100mah X 2 Batteries 989
Kodak 4 AA NiMh 2100mAh Batteries & Charger charge AAA 529
Charger For ALL Mobile Cell Phone Battery Lowest price 170
Envie Intelligent 1Hour LCD Rechargable Battery Charger 795
Canon genuine battery charger for nb 6l rechargeable, battery one year canon warranty brand new never used 1,950
It is always cheaper to buy directly in stores in India in any city (Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Ahmedabad) rather than to buy online when you can spare time. Prices can vary from store to store and offers can change from festival days (Dussera, Diwali, Sankranti, Pongal, Ugadi, New Year, Christmal, etc.) to non-festival days. You will also be able to get a hands on experience before buying the product if that is new for you.
I have been noticing that some electronic or consumer electronic stores are selling these goods at same price as market price (other electronic stores) but place a higher MRP tag and an offer price tag showing a discount. It helps to check several stores to get a good idea of current prices in the market before deciding to buy. It applies to online shopping as well.
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